UDL_100stoic_ul.dllStandardization of a NaOH SolutionStandardization of a NaOH Solution using Potassium Acid Phthalate (KHP) C:\Program Files\Model Science\ChemLab\StandardIntro.rtfC:\Program Files\Model Science\ChemLab\StandardProc.rtfC:\Program Files\Model Science\ChemLab\StandObserv.rtf(h{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\uc1\deff0\stshfdbch0\stshfloch0\stshfhich0\stshfbi0\deflang1033\deflangfe1033{\fonttbl{\f0\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\f197\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;} {\f198\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\f200\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\f201\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\f202\froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);} {\f203\froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\f204\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\f205\froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}}{\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue255;\red0\green255\blue255; \red0\green255\blue0;\red255\green0\blue255;\red255\green0\blue0;\red255\green255\blue0;\red255\green255\blue255;\red0\green0\blue128;\red0\green128\blue128;\red0\green128\blue0;\red128\green0\blue128;\red128\green0\blue0;\red128\green128\blue0; \red128\green128\blue128;\red192\green192\blue192;}{\stylesheet{\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \snext0 Normal;}{\*\cs10 \additive \ssemihidden Default Paragraph Font;}{\* \ts11\tsrowd\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\trcbpat1\trcfpat1\tscellwidthfts0\tsvertalt\tsbrdrt\tsbrdrl\tsbrdrb\tsbrdrr\tsbrdrdgl\tsbrdrdgr\tsbrdrh\tsbrdrv \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1024\langfe1024\cgrid\langnp1024\langfenp1024 \snext11 \ssemihidden Normal Table;}{\*\cs15 \additive \ul\cf2 \sbasedon10 \styrsid9264695 Hyperlink;}{ \s16\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext16 \styrsid5709076 Normal (Web);}}{\*\pgptbl {\pgp\ipgp0\itap0\li1\ri1 \sb75\sa75}{\pgp\ipgp0\itap0\li1\ri1\sb75\sa75}{\pgp\ipgp0\itap0\li0\ri0\sb0\sa0}}{\*\rsidtbl \rsid539549\rsid2359549\rsid3372023\rsid4590409\rsid5709076\rsid8278557\rsid9264695\rsid9323204\rsid9515773\rsid9848967\rsid10511150\rsid10571468\rsid11608467 \rsid11934137\rsid13578418\rsid15161385\rsid16585379}{\*\generator Microsoft Word 10.0.6612;}{\info{\title Introduction }{\author Unknown}{\operator Joseph Cosentino}{\creatim\yr2006\mo6\dy21\hr14\min38}{\revtim\yr2006\mo6\dy28\hr11\min39}{\version10} {\edmins109}{\nofpages1}{\nofwords221}{\nofchars1265}{\*\company Model Science Software}{\nofcharsws1484}{\vern16389}}\widowctrl\ftnbj\aenddoc\noxlattoyen\expshrtn\noultrlspc\dntblnsbdb\nospaceforul\hyphcaps0\formshade\horzdoc\dghspace120\dgvspace120 \dghorigin1701\dgvorigin1984\dghshow0\dgvshow3\jcompress\viewkind4\viewscale100\nolnhtadjtbl\rsidroot15161385 \fet0\sectd \linex0\endnhere\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2 \pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6 \pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs44\cf6\insrsid16585379\charrsid5709076 Introduction}{\fs36\insrsid16585379\charrsid5709076 \par }{\fs24\insrsid16585379\charrsid5709076 \par }{\fs24\insrsid10511150\charrsid5709076 In }{\fs24\insrsid8278557 c}{\fs24\insrsid10511150\charrsid5709076 hemistry, standards are materials containing a known }{\fs24\insrsid10571468 amount}{\fs24\insrsid10511150\charrsid5709076 of a }{ \fs24\insrsid8278557 chemical}{\fs24\insrsid10511150\charrsid5709076 . They provide a reference to determine unknown concentrations or to calibrate analytical instruments. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10511150 {\fs24\insrsid5709076\charrsid5709076 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5709076 {\fs24\insrsid5709076\charrsid5709076 In this experiment you will determine the concentration of a NaOH solution by acid-base titration. Finding the concentration is called standardizing a solution. W}{\fs24\insrsid16585379\charrsid5709076 e will use }{ \fs24\lang9\langfe1033\langnp9\insrsid16585379\charrsid5709076 Potassium hydrogen phthalate}{\fs24\insrsid2359549 (}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid10571468\charrsid10571468 KHC}{\fs24\cf1\sub\insrsid10571468\charrsid10571468 8}{ \fs24\cf1\insrsid10571468\charrsid10571468 H}{\fs24\cf1\sub\insrsid10571468\charrsid10571468 4}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid10571468\charrsid10571468 O}{\fs24\cf1\sub\insrsid10571468\charrsid10571468 4 }{\fs24\cf1\sub\insrsid10571468 }{ \fs24\cf1\insrsid10571468\charrsid10571468 also known as }{\fs24\cf1\insrsid2359549\charrsid2359549 KHP}{\fs24\insrsid16585379\charrsid5709076 ) as our primary standard to determine the concentration of our NaOH solution.}{ \fs24\insrsid10511150\charrsid5709076 }{\fs24\insrsid5709076\charrsid5709076 A primary }{\fs24\insrsid5709076\charrsid10571468 standard}{\fs24\insrsid5709076\charrsid5709076 is a }{\fs24\insrsid5709076\charrsid3372023 reagent}{ \fs24\insrsid5709076\charrsid5709076 that is typically very pure, stable, has no waters of hydration, has a high }{\fs24\insrsid5709076\charrsid3372023 molecular weight}{\fs24\insrsid5709076\charrsid5709076 and is highly soluble in water. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs24\insrsid5709076\charrsid5709076 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5709076 {\fs24\cf1\insrsid5709076\charrsid5709076 A known quantity of a solid acid (}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid8278557\charrsid2359549 KHP}{ \fs24\cf1\insrsid5709076\charrsid5709076 ) is dissolved in water in a flask, and phenolphthalein indicator is added. The NaOH solution is added from a buret into the flask containing the acid. The acid}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid2359549 (}{ \fs24\lang9\langfe1033\langnp9\insrsid2359549\charrsid5709076 Potassium hydrogen phthalate}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid2359549 )}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid5709076\charrsid5709076 and the base}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid2359549 (Sodium Hydroxide)}{ \fs24\cf1\insrsid5709076\charrsid5709076 react with one another according to the equation: }{\fs24\cf1\insrsid9515773 \par }{\fs24\cf1\insrsid539549 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid539549 {\fs24\cf1\lang3082\langfe1033\langnp3082\insrsid9515773\charrsid5709076 KHC}{\fs24\cf1\lang3082\langfe1033\sub\langnp3082\insrsid9515773\charrsid5709076 8}{ \fs24\cf1\lang3082\langfe1033\langnp3082\insrsid9515773\charrsid5709076 H}{\fs24\cf1\lang3082\langfe1033\sub\langnp3082\insrsid9515773\charrsid5709076 4}{\fs24\cf1\lang3082\langfe1033\langnp3082\insrsid9515773\charrsid5709076 O}{ \fs24\cf1\lang3082\langfe1033\sub\langnp3082\insrsid9515773\charrsid5709076 4}{\fs24\cf1\lang3082\langfe1033\langnp3082\insrsid9515773\charrsid5709076 (aq) + NaOH (aq) -> KNaC}{\fs24\cf1\lang3082\langfe1033\sub\langnp3082\insrsid9515773\charrsid5709076 8 }{\fs24\cf1\lang3082\langfe1033\langnp3082\insrsid9515773\charrsid5709076 H}{\fs24\cf1\lang3082\langfe1033\sub\langnp3082\insrsid9515773\charrsid5709076 4}{\fs24\cf1\lang3082\langfe1033\langnp3082\insrsid9515773\charrsid5709076 O}{ \fs24\cf1\lang3082\langfe1033\sub\langnp3082\insrsid9515773\charrsid5709076 4}{\fs24\cf1\lang3082\langfe1033\langnp3082\insrsid9515773\charrsid5709076 (aq) + H}{\fs24\cf1\lang3082\langfe1033\sub\langnp3082\insrsid9515773\charrsid5709076 2}{ \fs24\cf1\lang3082\langfe1033\langnp3082\insrsid9515773\charrsid5709076 O (l)}{\fs24\cf1\lang3082\langfe1033\langnp3082\insrsid9515773 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9515773 {\fs24\cf1\lang3082\langfe1033\langnp3082\insrsid9515773 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9515773 {\fs24\cf1\insrsid9515773\charrsid5709076 The end point of the reaction is reached when the }{\fs24\cf1\insrsid9515773 NaOH has completely neutralized the acid. At this point the moles of NaOH added is equal to the initial number of moles of KHP in the flask. Also }{\fs24\insrsid9515773\charrsid5709076 Phenolphthalein}{\fs24\insrsid9515773 indicator will turn the solution pink when the end point is reached.}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid5709076\charrsid5709076 \line \~ \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs24\insrsid2359549 So at end-point:}{\fs24\insrsid8278557 \par \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8278557 {\fs24\insrsid8278557 Moles NaOH = Moles of }{\fs24\cf1\insrsid8278557\charrsid8278557 KHC}{\fs24\cf1\sub\insrsid8278557\charrsid8278557 8}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid8278557\charrsid8278557 H}{ \fs24\cf1\sub\insrsid8278557\charrsid8278557 4}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid8278557\charrsid8278557 O}{\fs24\cf1\sub\insrsid8278557\charrsid8278557 4}{\fs24\insrsid16585379 \par }{\fs24\insrsid8278557 Molarity x Volume = Moles of }{\fs24\cf1\insrsid8278557\charrsid8278557 KHC}{\fs24\cf1\sub\insrsid8278557\charrsid8278557 8}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid8278557\charrsid8278557 H}{\fs24\cf1\sub\insrsid8278557\charrsid8278557 4}{ \fs24\cf1\insrsid8278557\charrsid8278557 O}{\fs24\cf1\sub\insrsid8278557\charrsid8278557 4}{\fs24\insrsid8278557 \par Molarity of NaOH = (Moles of }{\fs24\cf1\insrsid8278557\charrsid8278557 KHC}{\fs24\cf1\sub\insrsid8278557\charrsid8278557 8}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid8278557\charrsid8278557 H}{\fs24\cf1\sub\insrsid8278557\charrsid8278557 4}{ \fs24\cf1\insrsid8278557\charrsid8278557 O}{\fs24\cf1\sub\insrsid8278557\charrsid8278557 4}{\fs24\insrsid8278557 ) / (Volume}{\fs24\insrsid4590409 (L)}{\fs24\insrsid8278557 of NaOH added) \par \par \par \par \par }{\b\fs24\insrsid8278557\charrsid8278557 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs24\insrsid8278557 \par }{\fs24\insrsid2359549 \par }{\fs24\insrsid2359549\charrsid5709076 \par }{\fs24\insrsid16585379\charrsid5709076 \par \par }}{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\uc1\deff0\stshfdbch0\stshfloch0\stshfhich0\stshfbi0\deflang1033\deflangfe1033{\fonttbl{\f0\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\f197\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;} {\f198\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\f200\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\f201\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\f202\froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);} {\f203\froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\f204\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\f205\froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}}{\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue255;\red0\green255\blue255; \red0\green255\blue0;\red255\green0\blue255;\red255\green0\blue0;\red255\green255\blue0;\red255\green255\blue255;\red0\green0\blue128;\red0\green128\blue128;\red0\green128\blue0;\red128\green0\blue128;\red128\green0\blue0;\red128\green128\blue0; \red128\green128\blue128;\red192\green192\blue192;}{\stylesheet{\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \snext0 Normal;}{\*\cs10 \additive \ssemihidden Default Paragraph Font;}{\* \ts11\tsrowd\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\trcbpat1\trcfpat1\tscellwidthfts0\tsvertalt\tsbrdrt\tsbrdrl\tsbrdrb\tsbrdrr\tsbrdrdgl\tsbrdrdgr\tsbrdrh\tsbrdrv \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1024\langfe1024\cgrid\langnp1024\langfenp1024 \snext11 \ssemihidden Normal Table;}}{\*\rsidtbl \rsid2782514\rsid2820679\rsid8935320\rsid9398882\rsid11934137\rsid12210385 \rsid12980927\rsid16013985}{\*\generator Microsoft Word 10.0.6612;}{\info{\title Procedure}{\author Unknown}{\operator Joseph Cosentino}{\creatim\yr2006\mo6\dy21\hr15\min1}{\revtim\yr2006\mo6\dy28\hr11\min46}{\version8}{\edmins15}{\nofpages2} {\nofwords230}{\nofchars1311}{\*\company Model Science Software}{\nofcharsws1538}{\vern16389}}\widowctrl\ftnbj\aenddoc\noxlattoyen\expshrtn\noultrlspc\dntblnsbdb\nospaceforul\hyphcaps0\formshade\horzdoc\dghspace120\dgvspace120\dghorigin1701\dgvorigin1984 \dghshow0\dgvshow3\jcompress\viewkind1\viewscale100\nolnhtadjtbl\rsidroot12210385 \fet0\sectd \linex0\endnhere\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}} {\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (} {\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs44\cf2\insrsid2782514 Procedure}{\insrsid2782514 \par \par }{\b\fs24\ul\insrsid16013985\charrsid12980927 Part I (Using .3M NaOH Solution)}{\b\fs24\ul\insrsid12980927\charrsid12980927 :}{\b\fs24\ul\insrsid16013985\charrsid12980927 \par }{\fs24\insrsid16013985 \par }{\fs24\insrsid12210385 Step 1. Place a sample of 2g of }{\fs24\lang9\langfe1033\langnp9\insrsid12210385\charrsid12210385 Potassium hydrogen phthalate}{\fs24\lang9\langfe1033\langnp9\insrsid12210385 (KHP) into a 250ml Erlenmeyer flask.}{ \fs24\lang9\langfe1033\langnp9\insrsid2782514 \par }{\fs24\lang9\langfe1033\langnp9\insrsid12210385 \par Step 2. Add 100ml of water to the 250ml flask and stir until all the KHP has dissolved. \par \par Step 3. Add 2 drops of Phenothalein indic}{\fs24\lang9\langfe1033\langnp9\insrsid8935320 at}{\fs24\lang9\langfe1033\langnp9\insrsid12210385 or to }{\fs24\lang9\langfe1033\langnp9\insrsid8935320 flask}{\fs24\lang9\langfe1033\langnp9\insrsid12210385 . \par \par Step 4. Obtain a 50ml Buret and fill with 50ml of .3M NaOH. \par }{\fs24\lang9\langfe1033\langnp9\insrsid2782514 \par Step 5. Record the initial volume of NaOH in buret in }{\fs24\lang9\langfe1033\langnp9\insrsid2820679 your }{\fs24\lang9\langfe1033\langnp9\insrsid2782514 observations. \par }{\fs24\lang9\langfe1033\langnp9\insrsid12210385 \par Step 5. }{\fs24\lang9\langfe1033\langnp9\insrsid2782514 Add a pH meter to flask.}{\fs24\lang9\langfe1033\langnp9\insrsid12210385 \par }{\fs24\lang9\langfe1033\langnp9\insrsid2782514 \par Step 6. Turn on data collection to flask \par \par Step 7. Display Titration curve. \par \par Step 8. Start Titrating NaOH solution from buret into flask. \par \par Step 9. As pH approaches the end-point (pH >= 7), slow the titration rate. \par \par Step 10. Record the end-point volume of NaOH}{\fs24\lang9\langfe1033\langnp9\insrsid2820679 remaining}{\fs24\lang9\langfe1033\langnp9\insrsid2782514 in the buret in}{\fs24\lang9\langfe1033\langnp9\insrsid2820679 your}{ \fs24\lang9\langfe1033\langnp9\insrsid2782514 observations. \par \par }{\b\fs24\ul\insrsid9398882\charrsid12980927 Part II (With Unknown}{\b\fs24\ul\insrsid16013985\charrsid12980927 NaOH}{\b\fs24\ul\insrsid9398882\charrsid12980927 Solution):}{\b\fs24\ul\insrsid2782514\charrsid12980927 \par }{\fs24\insrsid9398882 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9398882 {\fs24\insrsid9398882 Step 1. Place a sample of 2g of }{\fs24\lang9\langfe1033\langnp9\insrsid9398882\charrsid12210385 Potassium hydrogen phthalate}{ \fs24\lang9\langfe1033\langnp9\insrsid9398882 (KHP) into a 250ml Erlenmeyer flask. \par \par Step 2. Add 100ml of water to the 250ml flask and stir until all the KHP has dissolved. \par \par Step 3. Add 2 drops of Phenothalein indicator to flask. \par \par Step 4. Obtain a 50ml Buret and fill with 50ml of NaOH (unknown Solution). \par \par Step 5. Record the initial volume of NaOH in buret in your observations. \par \par Step 5. Add a pH meter to flask. \par \par Step 6. Turn on data collection to flask \par \par Step 7. Display Titration curve. \par \par Step 8. Start Titrating NaOH solution from buret into flask. \par \par Step 9. As pH approaches the end-point (pH >= 7), slow the titration rate. \par \par Step 10. Record the end-point volume of NaOH remaining in the buret in your observations. \par }{\lang9\langfe1033\langnp9\insrsid9398882\charrsid9398882 \par }}{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\uc1\deff0\stshfdbch0\stshfloch0\stshfhich0\stshfbi0\deflang1033\deflangfe1033{\fonttbl{\f0\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\f197\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;} {\f198\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\f200\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\f201\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\f202\froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);} {\f203\froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\f204\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\f205\froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}}{\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue255;\red0\green255\blue255; \red0\green255\blue0;\red255\green0\blue255;\red255\green0\blue0;\red255\green255\blue0;\red255\green255\blue255;\red0\green0\blue128;\red0\green128\blue128;\red0\green128\blue0;\red128\green0\blue128;\red128\green0\blue0;\red128\green128\blue0; 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